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article------>{"id":88,"cid":14,"subCid":"","title":"省海洋经济发展与资源保护研究院院长张信芳:加快海南核电产业高质量发展的思考","shortTitle":"","tagId":"3","attr":"","articleView":"","source":"","author":"","description":"","img":"/public/uploads/default/2025/09/16/1758010025011_source_7.9çæµ·æ´ç»æµåå±.png","content":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><a><span class=\"17\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">海南省海洋研究院</span></span></a> <span class=\"16\">2025年07月09日 20:16</span> <span class=\"16\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">海南</span></span></p>\n<p class=\"p\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">以下文章来源于今日海南</span> ,作者张信芳</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"center\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/default/2025/09/16/1758006135968_source_å¾ç1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"814\" height=\"538\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"> <span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">中核五公司海南昌江核电项目建设现场</span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"text-align: center;\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"center\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong><span class=\"15\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">加快海南核电产业高质量发展的思考</span></span></strong></span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">文</span> | 张信芳</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">从党的二十大报告到《</span>2030年前碳达峰行动方案》,再到《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》和《中华人民共和国能源法》,我国核电发展政策一脉相承,强调要积极安全有序发展核电。2022年4月,习近平总书记在海南考察时强调,要把海南更好发展起来,贯彻新发展理念、推动高质量发展是根本出路。2024年12月17日,习近平总书记在听取海南省委和省政府工作汇报时指出,要着力构建具有海南特色和优势的现代化产业体系。核能作为一种清洁低碳、安全高效、可大规模利用的非化石能源,是推进绿色发展、建设美丽中国的重要能源选择。积极安全有序发展核电是调整能源结构、保证国家能源安全的一项重要决策。深入推进核电及核相关产业高质量发展,对我省建设清洁能源岛和打造国家生态文明试验区,争做“双碳”工作“优等生”具有重要意义,同时也对守牢核安全提出了更高要求。</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span class=\"15\">01 </span></strong><strong><span class=\"15\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">核能及相关产业发展现状</span></span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">国内外核电现状。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">截至</span>2025年3月,全球在运核电机组417台,总装机容量约3.77亿千瓦,全球在建核电机组共65台,总装机容量7260万千瓦。截至2024年底,我国在运核电机组58台,总装机容量6096万千瓦;在建核电机组28台,总装机容量3365万千瓦。2024年核电发电量为4447亿千瓦时,占全国总发电量的4.72%,与燃煤发电机组相比,相当于减少燃烧标准煤1.27亿吨,等效减排二氧化碳3.44亿吨。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">国内外核能多元化应用情况。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">截至</span>2022年底,全球有11个国家69台机组实现了区域供暖、工业供热、海水淡化等其中一项或两项的综合利用。在核能制氢方面,欧美正在加速布局。2023年3月,美国首座1000千瓦规模核电清洁制氢示范设施在九英里峰核电站投入运行,2023年法国投入约34亿欧元发展核能制氢技术。2024年,我国核能制氢技术实现重大突破,田湾核电的质子交换膜(PEM)制氢示范项目顺利完成系统试运行,经纯化后的氢气纯度高达99.99%。在核能供热方面,海阳、秦山、红沿河核电基地已实现向周边居民供暖,我国首个跨地级市核能供热工程也正式投运,我国首个工业用途核能供汽工程于2022年在田湾核电基地开工建设。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">国内外核技术利用情况。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">核技术广泛应用于工业、医疗、农业、环保、资源勘探、材料和公共安全等领域。目前已有近</span>150个国家和地区开展了核技术研发和产业化应用。我国核技术应用在同位素、医学、工业、安保等领域已取得较大进展,同位素自主研发与生产发展进入了新空间,核医疗开发取得突破,工业领域应用持续扩大,核安保产业蓬勃发展。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/default/2025/09/16/1758006171530_source_å¾ç2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"836\" height=\"555\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"></p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">华能海南昌江核电</span>3号机组发电机穿转子工作顺利完成,为后续汽轮发电机非核冲转打下坚实基础</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span class=\"15\">02 </span></strong><strong><span class=\"15\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">核能及相关产业发展趋势</span></span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">一是核能发电进入高速发展阶段。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">在</span>2023年底召开的第28届联合国气候变化大会上,美国、加拿大、英国和法国等22个国家签署了“到2050年将核能发电能力增长到2020年基准的三倍”的联合宣言。我国近年来正积极安全有序发展核电,截至2024年10月底,共核准了46台核电机组,核电建设进入高质量发展快速轨道。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">二是核能多元化应用正稳步推进。</span>2022年7月,经合组织核能机构发布报告《超越电力:核能热电联产的经济性》,指出利用现有核电厂或未来的新建核电厂进行热电联产具有广阔的市场前景。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">三是核技术应用产业驶入快车道。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">《中国核技术应用产业发展报告(</span>2023)》显示,到2022年底,我国核技术应用产值已接近7000亿元,预计2025年可达万亿元市场规模。2024年10月31日,国家原子能机构联合其他十二个部委共同发布《核技术应用产业高质量发展三年行动方案(2024—2026年)》,这是我国首次就核技术应用产业制定国家级发展规划。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span class=\"15\">03 </span></strong><strong><span class=\"15\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">海南核电产业面临的形势</span></span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">一是生态环境保护任务艰巨。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">习近平总书记</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">“4·13”重要讲话赋予海南建设国家生态文明试验区的重大使命,要求在生态文明体制改革上先行一步,为全国生态文明建设作出表率。2022年4月考察海南时强调,要坚持绿水青山就是金山银山的理念,坚持生态立省不动摇,扎实推进国家生态文明试验区建设。《中华人民共和国海南自由贸易港法》提出,海南自由贸易港实行最严格的生态环境保护制度。我省在做好自贸港建设的同时,更承担着为全国生态文明建设作表率、向世界讲好中国生态文明故事的重要使命。</span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">二是电力保障存在较大缺口。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">随着海南自贸港快速发展和</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">“全电社会”不断推进,按2020到2025年五年全社会用电量平均增速7%测算,至2050年,我省全社会用电量将增长为2020年的7.6倍,约2750亿千瓦时,届时全省电力供给将出现较大缺口。</span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">三是高质量发展需要新赛道。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">目前,我省在核能工业供热、制氢、海水淡化、海岛能源供应等方面的研究和应用方面,与浙江、山东等省份有较大差距;在核技术研发、生产以及核安保产业方面几乎处于空白,发展空间巨大,因此,我省新的经济增长引擎需要及时启动。</span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">四是核安全和应急体系相对薄弱。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">目前,我省针对昌江核电厂建立了比较完备的核应急体系,但不足以支撑未来核能业务呈现的多型号、多类型、多厂址、</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">“海陆空”并存局面,急需加强核应急体系建设、强化应急队伍建设、补齐辐射环境监测短板、开展核应急支持技术研究。</span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">五是伴生放射性矿产业亟待优化。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">目前,我省伴生放射性矿原料主要从国外进口,存在企业布局分散、运输风险高、管理水平低、防护条件差等问题,容易产生局部环境放射性污染和邻避效应,且在产业链中属于附加值低的环节。随着海南自贸港建设稳步推进,伴生放射性矿开发利用企业进驻海南逐渐增多,环境安全风险增大,相应战略布局急需提前优化。</span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/default/2025/09/16/1758006189110_source_å¾ç3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"796\" height=\"961\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"></p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">昌江核电站工程师正在检查设备</span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span class=\"15\">04 </span></strong><strong><span class=\"15\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">加快海南核电及相关产业高质量发展的思考</span></span></strong></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">一是高标准谋划与推进核电建设,争做</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">“双碳”工作“优等生”。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">要科学谋划核电事业发展。建议适时修订《海南清洁能源岛发展规划》,编制海南省核电及相关产业中长期发展规划,提高核电在我省电力结构中的占比,力争实现</span>2050年核电发电量占全省年发电量70%以上。要加快推动核电项目建设。在确保绝对安全的基础上,建议在我省沿海市县开展核电厂址普查和保护,并分别在2028年、2035年、2042年前具备开工条件,到2050年,在全省建成多个核电基地,形成以先进核电机组为代表的清洁能源为主力电源的能源格局。要加强电力配套能力建设。加快抽水蓄能电站建设,提升调峰储能能力;加快煤电机组灵活性改造,2027年前全面完成;发展氢能产业链,探索核能制氢消纳;优化用电调度,研究核电参与调峰。建设坚强电网和跨海输变电通道,提升电网韧性。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">二是高标准规划与推动核能产业,助力海南高质量发展。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">要科学规划核能相关产业发展。建议拓展核能多元应用(供热</span>/制氢/制冷/海水淡化),推动高温气冷堆在石化园区落地,培育小型堆产业链,构建“核能+氢能+储能”综合能源体系,示范浮动堆项目,规范核电温排水养殖示范。要培育核技术产业新质生产力。建议海南加快核产业布局,建设博鳌核医药基地、西部伴生矿产业园;推广辐照灭菌和核探测技术应用;发展适应海洋和航天事业发展的核电池产业。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">三是高标准守牢核安全底线,保障核能相关产业健康快速发展。</span><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">要优化核与辐射安全监管机构。建议参照生态环境部做法,在海南省生态环境架构内,提升海南省核安全监管能力,统筹管理全省核与辐射安全工作,建设与核事业发展相适应的现代化核安全监管体系。要推进核应急能力设施建设。建议加强核事故应急基础能力建设,提升核应急决策、响应、技术能力;加大碘化钾、防护服、个人剂量仪等核应急专用物资及装备的配置和储备;积极推动核应急体系与人防体系融合,开展重要城市、重点区域核应急风险评估,研究制定风险管控措施;开展核应急演练,不断提升核应急能力与水平。要建立现代化辐射环境监测体系。推进海陆空一体化辐射监测能力建设,应用无人机、物联网、人工智能、</span>5G等技术;优化监测网络,配备远海采样和自动监测设备,建立智能化海洋放射性监测预警平台;严格数据质量控制,升级监测数据综合分析系统。要强化人才和科技创新支撑。建议在海南高校设立核能相关专业,培养本地人才;加强核安全研究,研发新型核素处理技术、含氚废水处理示范及冷却水回用技术。</p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><img src=\"/public/uploads/default/2025/09/16/1758006212118_source_å¾ç4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"717\" height=\"474\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"></p>\n<p class=\"p\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">海南核电、昌江县人民政府和三沙美济携手启动科研项目,实现技术突破,弥补了国内白蝶贝养殖的空白</span></p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"> </p>\n<p class=\"p\" align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: sans-serif;\">(作者系省海洋经济发展与资源保护研究院党组副书记、院长)</span></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"> </p>","status":0,"pv":13,"link":"","createdAt":"2025-07-09T12:16:31.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-01T16:42:43.000Z","field":{}}
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